BEIJING: The Chinese Communist Party official facing possible US sanctions for allegedly overseeing the mass detention of Muslims in Xinjiang region is a soldier-turned-politician known as a security enforcer.
Chen and Uighurs
Chen Quanguo was appointed party chief in Xinjiang in August 2016, and his tenure has been marked by reports that more than a million ethnic Uighurs and other minorities have been rounded up into a network of internment camps in the far west region.
It is not his first assignment in a region with a history of ethnic tensions: Before Xinjiang, the politician was tasked with pacifying neighbouring Tibet following protests and a string of self-immolations by Buddhist monks.
In 2017, Chen was promoted to the upper echelons of the CCP, becoming one of 25 members of the Politburo.
“Within the party, Chen has gained a reputation as an ‘ethnic policy innovator’ who can make sure that minorities who earlier clamoured for independence in western China will now toe the party line,” Adrian Zenz, an independent German researcher specialising in Xinjiang, told AFP.
Little known outside China, the 64-year-old is now in the limelight after the US House of Representatives passed a bill on Tuesday calling for sanctions against Chinese officials behind the crackdown in Xinjiang.
The legislation, which must be reconciled with the Senate before its final passage, urges the US secretary of state to impose sanctions on Chen and other officials “credibly alleged to be responsible for human rights abuses in Xinjiang”.
The foreign ministry said the bill “wantonly smears” China’s efforts to eradicate extremism in the region, which was rocked by a spate of deadly attacks and riots in previous years.
“Concentration camps”
The Xinjiang government said Wednesday no “terrorist incidents” have occurred in the past three years after the region endured “several thousand” attacks from 1990 to the end of 2016.
Chinese officials deny the sprawling facilities that mark Xinjiang are “concentration camps”, describing them instead as “vocational education centres” where “students” learn Mandarin and job skills in an effort to steer them away from religious extremism.
But Chen once said the centres should “teach like a school, be managed like the military, and be defended like a prison”, according to official documents seen by AFP.
According to separate documents leaked to the New York Times, Chen also urged officials to “round up everyone who should be rounded up” after President Xi Jinping urged officials to show “absolutely no mercy” against extremism following an attack in 2014.
“In terms of extrajudicial and arbitrary detention, Chen is the most aggressive (Xinjiang governor) in the recent 40 years,” said Shawn Zhang, a researcher at the University of British Columbia, who used satellite imagery to find dozens of internments camps.
Xinjiang stringent restrictions
Xinjiang imposes stringent restrictions on religious practices, forbidding beards, the wearing of veils and the distribution of “extremist” religious content including everything from songs with Arabic lyrics to unofficial editions of the Koran.
Members of the Uighur diaspora have said that relatives have been arrested for seemingly innocuous acts such as sending Ramadan greetings to friends or downloading popular music.
For those living outside the camps, ubiquitous ID checks and tight security are a part of daily life.
In his first 12 months in charge of Xinjiang Chen “advertised the same number of security positions per capita that he put out in Tibet in five years,” said Zenz.
Who is Chen Quanguo
Born into a poor family in rural Henan province, Chen joined an artillery regiment in the Chinese army at 18. After a four-year stint in the military, he joined an auto-parts factory.
He made his first foray into politics in 1981, as party boss of a small prefecture in Henan before becoming governor in Hebei.
Chen’s big break came in 2011 when he was appointed party chief of Tibet.
Tibet served as a test bed for his “strongman style of leadership,” said Zenz.
Chen built community police stations every 500 metres in towns in Tibet. The same is now seen in Xinjiang.
He also hired locals to keep tabs on their communities, a strategy known as “grid-style social management.”
He was then handed the reins of Xinjiang, which sits at the centre of Xi’s signature Belt and Road global infrastructure initiative.
Billions of dollars have been pledged to build road and rail routes and oil and gas pipelines in the province, connecting China to Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe.
“Xi has staked his reputation on Chen Quanguo’s abilities and successes,” said Zenz.